Cetati si castele medievale in Romania

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Cetati si castele medievale in Romania

In aceasta pagina gasiti localizarea si o scurta descriere a celor mai importante cetati si castele medievale din Romania. Am introdus si cetatile moldave de pe Nistru, reprezentative pentru istoria noastra. Numeroase imperii au ravnit la acest bogat teritoriu, expansiunii acestora s-au opus numerosi domnitori care au ridicat un important sistem defensiv de-a lungul arcului Carpatic si a importantelor rauri. In Transilvania sunt numeroase sate puternic fortificate, punadune pe noi, echipa Activ Travel, in situatia delicata de alege pe acelea care sunt mai reprezentative sau pe care le cunoastem noi mai bine.

Provincia Moldova
1. Cetatea Suceava - fosta capitala a Moldovei in perioada medievala, Suceava pastreaza o cetate puternic fortificata construita in prima faza de catre Petru Musat in secolul XIV. Refacuta si consolidata de catre Alexandru cel Bun si mai ales de catre Stefan cel Mare, cetatea Sucevei devine de necucerit. In sec. XVII cetatea este parasita si devine treptat ruina. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R1 ; Route R2 ; Route R5 ; Route C2
2. Cetatea Neamtului - construita pe un versant de munte, ofera o larga priveliste spre valea Ozanei. Asemuita cu un Cuib de vulturi moldav, cetatea Neamtului a fost construita de catre Petru Musat I in 1395 si reconstruita de catre Stefan cel Mare in sec. XV. Cu toate ca cetatea a cunoscut numeroase asedii in timpul Sultanului Mehmed al II-lea si a regelui polon Ioan Sobieski, cetatea nu a putut fi cucerita niciodata prin lupta dreapta. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R1 ; Route H2
3. Cetatea Hotinului - situata in partea de nord a Moldovei mari (astazi pe teritoriul de ocupatie Ucrainiana) pe malul raului Nistru, Cetatea Hotinului este o importanta cetate moldoveneasca construita in perioada marelui Stefan.
4. Cetatea Soroca - construita pe malul raului Nistru in secolul XIV de catre domnii moldovei pe locul unei vechi cetati genoveze - Alcionia. Cetatea se pastreaza in conditii bune, remarcanduse peretii masivi si inalti strajuiti de stalpi de straja. Cetatea cunoaste apogeul in timpul domniei lui Stefan cel Mare si a fiului sau Petru Rares. Astazi se afla pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova.
5. Cetatea Tighina - se pastreaza in conditii deosebit de bune, dar din pacate momentan se afla in zona de control al armatei separatiste din Transnistria. Construita in secolul XIV de catre domnitorul Stefan cel Mare. Din anul 1535, cetatea intra in mainile otomane pane in anul 1812. Cetatea Tighina a fost si loc de refugiu pentru regele Suediei, Carol al XIII -lea dupa catastrofala sa expeditie impotriva Rusiei tariste intre 1709 - 1711.
6. Cetatea Alba - este cea mai masiva si impresionanta cetate construita de domnitorii moldoveni. Situata la gurile Nistrului cetatea a constituit un important loc de paza la Marea Neagra. Astazi este pe teritoriul ocupat de Ucraina si cetatii ii este atribuita de catre ucrainieni o istorie bizara, inca departe de documentele istorice.
Provincia Dobrogea
1. Ruinele Cetatii Heracleea - cu adanci radacini bizantine, cetatea Heracleea a fost construita de catre navigatorii Genovezi iar dupa 1388 intra sub stapanirea domnitorului valah Mircea cel Batran. Din 1417 pana in 1878, cetatea va apartine otomanilor. UP
Vallachia (Muntenia si Oltenia) Province
1. Cetatea Poienari - a fost construita in secolul XIV pe Muntele Cetatuia sub domnia lui Vlad Tepes. Se spune ca la aceasta lucrare grea, Vlad Tepes a folosit ca mana de lucru pe toti tradatorii tarii. Cetatea strajuieste valea Argesului fiind despartita de peste 1000 de trepte pana la aceasta. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R4
2. Ruinele Cetatii Negru Voda - situata intr-o zona mai greu accesibila langa localitatea Cetateni, avea rolul de a supraveghea valea Dambovitei. Cetatea ii este atribuita ca ctitor legendarului domnitor Negru Voda. Astazi se mai pastreaza aici niste ruine modeste.
3. Ruinele Cetatii Medievale Giurgiu - A fost construita de catre Mircea cel Batran in secolul XIV pe o insula in fata orasului actual. A fost un important punct strategic la Dunare. Astazi deslusim cateva ruine modeste.
4. Ruinele Cetatii Severinului - a fost construita in secolul XIII si a rezistat pana in 1524 cand a fost distrusa de trupele otomane. In iteriorul cetatii se afla urmele unei biserici.
5. Cetatea Ada Kaleh - a interesanta cetatea pe Dunare care o data cu realizarea lacului de acumulare de la Portile de Fier a fost stramutate pe insula Semian.
Provincia Banat
1. Ruinele Cetatii Carasova - o cetate uriasa construita in 1333.
2. The Bastion of the Citadel - Timisoara. One of the few fortresses of Vauban type that can be still admired. The bastion was built between 1730-1733, had thick massive walls made of bricks.
3. Ruins of Morisena Fortress - Cenad. Was built in 10^th century.
4. Ruins of Ciacova Fortress - built between 1390-1394, today it can be seen a defense tower.
5. The Stone Fortress Siria - 1331, was a royal fortress. The most important masters here: Iancu of Hunedoara, King Sigismund of Luxembourg, Serbian despot George Brancovici, Bathory Family.
6. Arad Fortress - in Vauban style, this fortress was built between 1762-1783 by Queen Maria Theresa. The forms is like a star with six corners. Inside is ruins of a chapel.
7. The Stone Fortress of Soimus (1278) - dominate the Mures valley, during the time it belongs to Transylvanians, Turks, Hungarians, after 1688 the fortress it become a ruins.
8. Agris Fortress - in west part of Apuseni Mountains was built in 1400. UP
Transylvania Province
1. The Deva Fortress (13^th century) - built on a volcanic cone that dominates the city center from an altitude of 184m. Attested in 1269, it was one of the strongest fortresses in Transylvania. It was left in 1849 when, because of the explosion of powder reserves, the walls of the fortress blew up.
2. Colt Fortress (14^th century) - in a spectacular place close to impressive Retezat Mountains, it inspired the greatest artists like Jules Verne who write "The Castle from Carpathians". Now is only ruins. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route H1
3. The Corvins Castle - a fortress castle in Hunedoara town, very impressive with countless towers was built in the 13^thcentury on a piece of rock. Developed few centuries later, the castle mixes the Gothic style with characteristic elements of Renaissance and Baroque.
4. Alba Iulia Fortress - the first medieval fortress (it was built by ruler Gyla in the 9^th - 10^th century). Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2
5. Fortress-Aiud, (13^th - 15^th century), among the oldest urban fortification in Transylvania.
6. Fortress Taiuti, from Trascau Mountains (built in 1276).
7. Medieval Fortifications- Sibiu, a great numbers of towers: The City Hall Tower built in the12^th century and modified in the 15^th and 17^th centuries and in 1826; The Stairs Tower - one of the oldest constructions of the town, raised in 13^th century; The Gate's Tower (15^th century); The Carpenters' Tower; The Harquebusiers' Tower; Potters' Tower; Soldisch Bastion; Powder Warehouse Tower. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4
8. Fortress with Roman Basilica - Cisnadioara, one of the most remarkable monuments of this style in Transylvania.
9. The Ruins of the Fortress Talmaciu - documentary mentioned in 1370 under the name of "Castrum Lanchron", the fortification dominates the Olt Valley when the river enters Turnu Rosu narrow path.
10. The ruins of the Fortress Medias, there are still standing in interior walls and defense towers raised between the 15-16^th century. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4.
11. Salo Fortress - Sibiel (12^th - 13^th).
12. Rural fortress Biertan (15-16^th century) - one of the most impressive constructions of this type in Transylvania. UNESCO patrimony. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R4.
13. The Fortress of Brasov - built in period of the Sigismund of Luxembourg, King of Hungary. It was built start in 1395 and it was one of the strongest fortress in Transylvania. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4 ; Route H2.
14. Rasnov Fortress - was built in 14^th century. Is one of the biggest rural fortress in country. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4 ; Route H2.
15. The Ruins of the Rupea Fortress - built in 14-16^th century. on big rock. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R4.
16. Fagaras Fortress - a beautiful fortress situated in the middle of Fagaras town, built in 15^th century. Inside of the fortress is a big castle, now a great museum and library. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in Route H1.
17. The Brasov Towers (bastions) - many fortified towers (bastions) made by people from Brasov town to protect their family and works. The most important is the Weavers' Bastion (1421-1573) when we find Brasov Fortress Museum. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4 ; Route H2.
18. Bran Castle - an impressive medieval construction knowned around the word by the Dracula legend. It was built between 1377-1382 on a rock mountain and preserve elements of original Gothic style. Today this mysterious fortified castle was restored and host a museum of medieval art. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4 ; Route H1 .
19. Feldioara Fortress - built between 1211-1225 by the Teutonic Knights. After 1457 it belongs to peasants.
20. Prejmer Fortress (15^th century) - a great fortress with many rooms on many levels. The walls has 4 m thickness and it was the powerful peasants fortress in Transylvania.
21. The Fortress from Ilieni (15^th century) - a great fortress with a great history made by Szekels people.
22. Pagans' Fortress - Balvanyos (13^th century) also named the Idolatrous Castle, is a Szekels building situated in a beautiful and wild area. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route H2.
23. Miko Fortress, Miercurea Ciuc - built in 1621 on the place of a previous fortress. Now it host the Ethnographic Museum of the province. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route H2.
24. Sighisoara Fortress - one of the most beautiful medieval fortress and the only inhabited in Europe. Situated on a large hill, it was built in 13^th century, but it has many changes during the history. We can admire: The Clock Tower, The Ropes' Tower, The Tinkers' Tower, The Tanners' Tower, The Cobblers'Tower...This fortress has many contacts with Dracula legend, and here in every July is a big and interesting festival of Medieval Art. UNESCO patrimony. Accesible in Activ Travel offers in: Route R2 ; Route R4.
25. Medieval Fortress from Targu Mures - built in the 15^th century, was expanded with 7 new towers in 17^th century.
26. The Ruins of the Ciceu Fortress - this fortress was built between 1203-1204 and it was a great fortress with a great history in Middle Age. This fortress belonged to Moldavian rulers, like Stephan the Great, Petru Rares, Alexandru Lapusneanu. Now just ruins.
27. The Ruins of the Rodna Fortress (10^th century), was an important fortress in region.
28. Medieval Fortress Dabaca - has an important place in Transylvania history, special between 10-14^th century, when become a royal fortress.
29. Medieval Fortress Bologa - was mentioned in 1322, and possessed by Vallahian ruler, Mircea the Elder, at the end of the 14^th century.
30. The Ruins of the Oradea Fortress - was built between 1114-1131, grooves with water.
31. Medieval Fortress Almas - one of the oldest and impressive medieval fortresses in Transylvania (1247-1278). Between 1545-1546 this fortress belonged to Moldavian ruler Petru Rares. Today only ruins.
32. Fortress from Simleul Silvaniei - built in 1532 by Bathory family. Today is ruins.
33. The Ruins of Feudal Fortress Cheud, an impressive fortress mentioned in 1387.
34. Fortified Castle Ardud, built in 1481. Today it preserve only a fortified tower and few ruins.